Why Did Hobbes Believe in Absolute Monarchy?
Thomas Hobbes, a prominent philosopher and political theorist of the 17th century, is often associated with his belief in absolute monarchy. This essay aims to explore the reasons behind Hobbes’ support for such a form of government. By examining his philosophical ideas and the historical context of his time, we can gain a deeper understanding of why Hobbes believed in absolute monarchy.
1. The Social Contract and the State of Nature
Hobbes’ political philosophy is rooted in his concept of the social contract and the state of nature. According to Hobbes, in the state of nature, individuals are driven by self-interest and a constant fear of death. This leads to a “war of all against all,” where life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” To escape this chaotic state, individuals enter into a social contract, surrendering some of their freedoms to a sovereign authority in exchange for security and protection.
2. The Need for a Strong Central Authority
Hobbes believed that a strong central authority was necessary to maintain order and prevent the return to the state of nature. In his view, a monarchy, particularly an absolute monarchy, was the most effective form of government to achieve this goal. An absolute monarch, according to Hobbes, has complete power and authority over the state, which allows them to make quick decisions and enforce laws without the need for consent from the governed.
3. The Unity of Power
Hobbes argued that the unity of power in an absolute monarchy was crucial for maintaining stability. In his view, a fragmented government, with multiple branches of power, would lead to inefficiency and conflict. An absolute monarch, therefore, could ensure that the state operated smoothly and efficiently, as they would have the final say in all matters of governance.
4. The Historical Context
The historical context of Hobbes’ time also played a significant role in his belief in absolute monarchy. The 17th century was marked by political turmoil, including the English Civil War and the French Wars of Religion. These events demonstrated the dangers of weak central authority and the potential for chaos. Hobbes’ belief in absolute monarchy was, in part, a response to the political instability of his era.
5. The Role of the Monarch as the Living God
Hobbes further justified his support for absolute monarchy by suggesting that the monarch was akin to a living god. He believed that the monarch’s power was derived from the people’s consent, and that this consent was given to the monarch because they were seen as a divine figure. This belief reinforced the idea that the monarch’s authority was absolute and beyond question.
In conclusion, Thomas Hobbes believed in absolute monarchy for several reasons. His social contract theory, the need for a strong central authority, the unity of power, the historical context of his time, and the role of the monarch as the living god all contributed to his support for this form of government. By understanding these factors, we can appreciate the depth of Hobbes’ political philosophy and the reasons behind his belief in absolute monarchy.
