What do the Shia believe? The Shia branch of Islam, one of the two major denominations of the faith, holds a distinct set of beliefs and practices that differentiate it from the Sunni majority. Originating from the division following the death of Prophet Muhammad, the Shia community emphasizes the importance of Imams, spiritual leadership, and the role of divine justice in their religious life. This article delves into the core beliefs of the Shia Muslims, exploring their unique perspectives on key Islamic principles and practices.
The Shia believe in the oneness of Allah, just as the Sunni Muslims do. However, they have a different interpretation of the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad. According to Shia beliefs, the Imam is the divinely appointed leader who maintains the purity of faith and guides the community. The first Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib, was the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, and the Shia consider him to be the first Imam. Subsequent Imams, who are believed to be divinely appointed, are considered infallible and possess spiritual, temporal, and religious authority.
One of the fundamental beliefs of the Shia is the concept of Imamah, which is the divine appointment of Imams. They believe that the Imam is the only legitimate authority in matters of faith and governance. This belief is rooted in the Hadith, which are the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims hold that the Imam is chosen by God and is immune to sin, maintaining a pure and infallible nature. The twelve Imams, known as the Imams of the Ahlul Bayt, are highly revered by the Shia community.
The Shia also emphasize the importance of the Ahlul Bayt, which includes Prophet Muhammad’s family members. They believe that the divine light of prophecy continued through the Imams, making them the most knowledgeable and virtuous individuals. The Ahlul Bayt are considered the ultimate source of spiritual guidance and are deeply respected by the Shia Muslims.
Another distinctive Shia belief is the concept of Wilayat al-Faqih, which was developed by Shia scholars in the 16th century. This principle asserts that in the absence of an Imam, a qualified Islamic jurist, known as a Faqih, should lead the community. The Faqih is responsible for interpreting Islamic law and guiding the Shia Muslims in their daily lives.
Shia Muslims observe several religious practices that reflect their unique beliefs. One of the most significant practices is the performance of the Ashura, which commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad. The Ashura is marked by mourning, fasting, and the recitation of elegies. Another practice is the mourning for Imam Husayn, known as Muharram, which involves public processions, flagellation, and the reading of the Ziyarat Ashura, a litany of prayers and laments.
The Shia also place great importance on the recitation of the Quran and the Hadith. They believe in the infallibility of the Quran and consider it to be the ultimate source of guidance. The Hadith, particularly those attributed to the Imams, are highly revered and serve as a source of spiritual guidance.
In conclusion, the Shia believe in a distinct set of principles and practices that differentiate them from the Sunni Muslims. The emphasis on the Imam, the Ahlul Bayt, and the divine appointment of spiritual leaders are central to their faith. The Shia community’s unique beliefs and practices have shaped their religious identity and continue to influence their daily lives. Understanding the Shia beliefs can provide insight into the diverse tapestry of Islamic thought and practice.
