What does Marxism believe? Marxism, as a socio-political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics of society, economics, and history. At its core, Marxism posits that society is divided into two main classes: the bourgeoisie (the ruling class) and the proletariat (the working class). This division, according to Marxism, is rooted in the capitalist mode of production, which is characterized by the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie for their own profit. In this article, we will delve into the fundamental beliefs of Marxism and its implications for society.
One of the central tenets of Marxism is the concept of class struggle. Marxism argues that throughout history, the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat has been the driving force behind social change. This struggle is rooted in the inherent contradictions within the capitalist system, such as the exploitation of labor and the accumulation of wealth by the bourgeoisie. Marxism predicts that this class struggle will eventually lead to the overthrow of the capitalist system and the establishment of a classless, communist society.
Another key belief of Marxism is the historical materialism. This theory asserts that the development of society is primarily driven by material conditions, such as the means of production and the distribution of wealth. According to Marxism, the economic base of society determines its political, legal, and ideological superstructure. In other words, the economic system shapes the social, political, and cultural institutions of a society. This perspective emphasizes the importance of material factors in understanding social change and the evolution of human history.
Marxism also criticizes the capitalist system for creating a false consciousness among the proletariat. False consciousness refers to the way in which the working class is duped into accepting the capitalist system and the exploitation they face. Marxism argues that the bourgeoisie uses propaganda, education, and other means to maintain the status quo and keep the proletariat from realizing their own class interests. By awakening the proletariat to their true conditions, Marxism seeks to unite them in a revolutionary struggle to achieve a more equitable society.
In terms of political beliefs, Marxism advocates for the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat as a transitional phase towards communism. This dictatorship is intended to protect the interests of the working class and to dismantle the capitalist state. Ultimately, Marxism aims to create a classless, stateless, and Stateless communist society where all individuals enjoy equal access to the means of production and where the principle of “from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs” prevails.
Despite its influence on various movements and revolutions throughout history, Marxism has faced criticism and has been subject to various interpretations. Some argue that Marxism is too deterministic and ignores the role of individual agency in social change. Others contend that Marxism has been misinterpreted or misapplied, leading to oppressive regimes and authoritarianism. Nonetheless, what Marxism believes remains a powerful and enduring framework for analyzing and critiquing the social and economic structures of modern society.
