A typical symptom of coronary heart disease is chest pain, also known as angina. This discomfort is often described as a tightness, pressure, squeezing, or aching sensation in the chest. Angina typically occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow to meet its demands, often during physical exertion, exposure to cold weather, or emotional stress.
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also referred to as ischemic heart disease, is a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrow or blocked due to the buildup of plaque, a substance composed of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and other materials. This narrowing or blockage can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain and potentially other symptoms.
There are several types of angina, including stable angina, unstable angina, and variant angina:
1. Stable Angina: This is the most common type of angina and occurs with predictable triggers, such as exercise or emotional stress. The pain is usually short-lived, lasting from a few minutes to 15 minutes, and can be relieved by rest or medication.
2. Unstable Angina: This type of angina is more serious and occurs without predictable triggers. It may last longer than stable angina and may not be relieved by rest or medication. Unstable angina is a sign that a heart attack may be imminent.
3. Variant Angina: Also known as Prinzmetal’s angina, this type of angina occurs at rest and is often triggered by cold weather or emotional stress. It is usually more severe and may cause chest pain that lasts for more than 30 minutes.
In addition to chest pain, other symptoms of coronary heart disease may include:
– Shortness of breath
– Discomfort in other areas of the body, such as the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back
– Cold sweat
– Nausea
– Lightheadedness or dizziness
It’s important to note that not everyone with coronary heart disease will experience chest pain, especially in women and individuals with diabetes. In some cases, symptoms may be subtle or even non-existent.
Diagnosis of coronary heart disease often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as:
– Electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the heart’s electrical activity
– Echocardiogram to assess the heart’s structure and function
– Stress tests to evaluate the heart’s response to exercise or medication
– Coronary angiography to visualize the blood vessels and detect blockages
Treatment for coronary heart disease aims to reduce symptoms, prevent heart attacks, and improve the quality of life. This may include lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery.
Understanding the typical symptoms of coronary heart disease is crucial for early detection and intervention. If you experience chest pain or other symptoms of CHD, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications and improve outcomes.
