Can Coeliac Disease Develop Later in Life?
Coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder characterized by an intolerance to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is often thought of as a condition that primarily affects children. However, it is increasingly being recognized that coeliac disease can develop later in life, a phenomenon known as adult-onset coeliac disease. This article aims to explore the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of coeliac disease in adulthood, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment.
Understanding Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine in response to gluten consumption. This immune response leads to damage to the villi, the tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine that are responsible for absorbing nutrients from food. Over time, this damage can result in a range of health issues, including malnutrition, anaemia, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
Causes of Adult-Onset Coeliac Disease
While the exact cause of coeliac disease is not fully understood, it is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Some individuals may have a genetic makeup that makes them susceptible to the disease, and exposure to gluten may trigger the onset of symptoms. In adults, the development of coeliac disease can be influenced by various factors, such as:
– Changes in diet: Adopting a gluten-free diet later in life can sometimes mask the symptoms of coeliac disease, leading to a delayed diagnosis.
– Stress: High levels of stress have been linked to the development of coeliac disease in some individuals.
– Pregnancy: The immune system undergoes changes during pregnancy, which may increase the risk of developing coeliac disease.
– Surgery: Certain surgical procedures can disrupt the absorption of nutrients, potentially triggering coeliac disease in susceptible individuals.
Symptoms of Coeliac Disease in Adults
The symptoms of coeliac disease in adults can vary widely and may include:
– Abdominal pain and bloating
– Diarrhea or constipation
– Fatigue and weakness
– Weight loss
– Iron-deficiency anaemia
– Osteoporosis
– Nervous system disorders
It is important to note that some individuals with coeliac disease may experience no symptoms at all, making it even more challenging to diagnose.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing coeliac disease in adults involves a combination of blood tests, an endoscopy with a biopsy of the small intestine, and a gluten challenge. Once diagnosed, the only treatment for coeliac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. This diet can help alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, coeliac disease can develop later in life, and it is crucial for individuals experiencing symptoms to seek medical attention. Early detection and adherence to a gluten-free diet can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications. As awareness of adult-onset coeliac disease continues to grow, more individuals are being diagnosed and treated, leading to better health outcomes.
